Construction and analysis of the immune effect of two different vaccine types based on Vibrio harveyi VgrG.

Vibrio harveyi poses a significant threat to fish and invertebrates in mariculture, resulting in substantial financial repercussions for the aquaculture sector. Valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) is essential for the type VI secretion system's (T6SS) assembly and secretion. VgrG from V. harveyi QT520 was cloned and analyzed in this study. The localization of VgrG was determined by Western blot, which revealed that it was located in the cytoplasm, secreted extracellularly, and attached to the membrane. The effectiveness of two vaccinations against V. harveyi infection-a subunit vaccine (rVgrG) and a DNA vaccine (pCNVgrG) prepared with VgrG was evaluated. The findings indicated that both vaccines provided a degree of protection against V. harveyi challenge. At 4 weeks post-vaccination (p.v.), the rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited relative percent survival rates (RPS) of 71.43% and 76.19%, respectively. At 8 weeks p.v., the RPS for rVgrG and pCNVgrG were 68.21% and 72.71%, respectively. While both rVgrG and pCNVgrG elicited serum antibody production, the subunit vaccinated fish demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum anti-VgrG specific antibodies than the DNA vaccine group. The result of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFNγ), and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) were up-regulated by both rVgrG and pCNVgrG. Fish vaccinated with rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited increased activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme. These findings suggest that VgrG from V. harveyi holds potential for application in vaccination.

Efficacy and Safety of Pulse Magnetic Therapy System in Insomnia Disorder: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study's objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy System (PMTS) in improving insomnia disorder. METHODS: Participants with insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to receive either PMTS or sham treatment for four weeks (n= 153; PMTS: 76, sham: 77). Primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores at week 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4 (treatment), and 5 (follow-up). Secondary outcomes are the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and week 4, and weekly sleep diary-derived values for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, real sleep time, waking after sleep onset, and sleep duration. RESULTS: The ISI scores of the PMTS group and the sham group were 7.13±0.50, 11.07±0.51 at week 4, respectively. There was a significant group×time interaction for ISI (F3.214, 485.271=24.25, p<0.001, ηp 2=0.138). Only the PMTS group experienced continuous improvement throughout the study; in contrast, the sham group only experienced a modest improvement after the first week of therapy. At the end of the treatment and one week after it, the response of the PMTS group were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6%-79.0%), 75.0% (95% CI: 64.1%-83.4%), respectively, which were higher than the response of the sham group (p<0.001). For each of the secondary outcomes, similar group×time interactions were discovered. The effects of the treatment persisted for at least a week. CONCLUSION: PMTS is safe and effective in improving insomnia disorders.

Nano-magnetic tunnel junctions controlled by electric field for straintronics.

The magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) controlled by electric field as an alternate approach for energy efficiency is the highlight for nonvolatile RAM, while there is still a lack of research on resistance manipulation with the electric field in nanoscale MTJs. In this study, we integrated nanoscale MTJs on the (011) orientated Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) ferroelectric substrates and systematically investigated the magnetoresistance as a function of the magnetic field and electric field. A single domain state of the nanoscale MTJ was demonstrated by the experimental result and theoretical simulation. Afterward, the obvious electric field control of R-H curves was obtained and explained by the competition between magnetoelastic energy and shape anisotropy. More importantly, simulation results also predicted that the switching pathway of magnetic moments under the magnetic field is strongly dependent on the applied electric field, displaying the electric field control of chiral switching in the nano-MTJ. Our work is a milestone in the realization of the emerging dubbed straintronics field.